Malcolm Knowles's Theory Of Andragogy

Malcolm Knowles's Theory Of Andragogy

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Knowles Theory of Andragogy



"Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn" – Benjamin Franklin



Malcolm Knowles was an American educationist who firmly believed that adults learn differently compared with children, which led him to later propose the adult learning theory (Smith 2002). He introduced the term "andragogy" as the art and science of helping adults learn (Kaufman 2003; Kaufman & Mann, 2010). Founded on the key principle of humanism (Kaufman & Mann, 2010; Smith, 2002), andragogy is centred around the idea that the teacher does not possess all knowledge and students are encouraged to participate in the classroom by utilising their own experiences (McGrath 2009). A pioneer in the field of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...This complex and continually changing environment makes reflective practice imperative. (Hendricks, Mooney, & Berry, 1996)

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning by Richard Mayer



"Blaming PowerPoint for bad E–learning is like blaming Word for poor instructional design" – David Anderson Richard Meyer, an American educational psychologist has presented the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. As the name suggests, this theory is based on cognitivist principles ("Learning–Theories.com: Knowledge base and webilograpphy", n.d., para 4), and has the following three assumptions:

1. There are two separate channels (visual and auditory) for processing information (sometimes referred to as dual coding).

2. There is limited channel capacity (cognitive overload).

3. Learning happens actively by filtering, selecting, organising and integrating information with prior

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